about
one.principles and practices
two.computer-aided design
three.computer-controlled cutting
four.electronics production
five.3d scanning & printing
six.electronics design
seven.computer-controlled machining
eight.embedded programming
nine.mechanical design
ten.machine design
eleven.input devices
twelve.molding & casting
thirteen.output devices
fourteen.composites
fifteen.networking & communications
sixteen.interface & app. programming
seventeen.applications & implications
eighteen.invention, property & income
Project Development
GOD'S PID IMPLEMENTATION
def __init__(self, P=2.0, I=0.1, D=0.2, reference=0): self.kP=P
self.kI=I
self.kD=D
self.auxD = 0
self.auxI = 0
self.maxI = 500
self.minI = -500
self.r_t=reference
self.e_t=0.0
def update(self, y_t):
self.e_t = self.r_t - y_t
self.valP = self.kP * self.e_t
self.valD = self.kD * ( self.e_t - self.auxD ) self.auxD = self.e_t
self.auxI = self.auxI + self.e_t
if self.auxI > self.maxI: self.auxI = self.maxI elif self.auxI < self.minI: self.auxI = self.minI self.valI = self.kI * self.auxI
sumPID = self.valP + self.valI +
self.valD
return sumPID
def setReference(self, reference):
self.r_t = reference
self.auxI=0
self.auxD=0
def setKP(self,P):
self.kP=P
def setKI(self,I):
self.kI=I
def setKD(self,D):
self.kD=D
def setKPID(self, P ,I, D):
self.kP=P
self.kI=I
self.kD=D
def getKPID(self):
return self.kP, self.kI, self.kD
def getReference(self):
return self.r_t
def getError(self):
return self.e_
final project
god.