Week 8: Embedded Programming

Read a microcontroller data sheet.

Program your board to do something, with as many different programming languages and programming environments as possible.

Optionally, experiment with other architectures

Learning outcomes:

*Identify relevant information in a microcontroller data sheet.

*Implement programming protocols.

Have you:

*Documented what you learned from reading a microcontroller datasheet.

*What questions do you have? What would you like to learn more about?

*Programmed your board.

*Described the programming process/es you used

*Included your code.

Microcontroller Data sheet:

During this time I have learned a lot in practice, but it is always essential to link it with theory, to know the essence of what we are doing, so in this space I will share what I understood the Data sheet, I am not an expert , But it is important that we understand the following together:

For these activities the microcontrollers Attiny 44, Attiny 45 and Atmega328P

What are we talking about? What is a microcontroller?

A microcontroller is a programmable integrated circuit, capable of executing commands recorded in its memory. It is composed of several functional blocks, which fulfill a specific task. A microcontroller includes in its interior the three main functional units of a computer: central processing unit, memory and I / O (input/output) peripherals.

Midori, and what is the difference between these microcontrollers?

Okay, I'll explain you:

ATtiny:

Is a small microcontrollers with 0.5 to 8 kB of programmable flash memory, encapsulated 6 to 20 pins and a limited set of peripherals.

ATmega:

Is a large microcontrollers with 4 to 256 kB of programmable flash memory, encapsulated from 28 to 100 pins, extended instruction set (multiplication and routing of larger programs) and wide set of peripherals.

I'm showing you this picture just for find the differents between them.

Now let's go into the most relevant detail.

ATtiny44:

High performance, low power AVR® 8-bit microcontroller

4K byte of in-system programmable program memory flash (Atmel® ATtiny44.

Two Timer/Counters, 8- and 16-bit counters with two PWM channels on both.

10-bit ADC

14-pin SOIC, twelve programmable I/O lines

Operating voltage: 2.7 - 5.5 VDC

Speed grade: 0 - 8MHz at 2.7 - 5.5VDC, 0 - 16MHz at 4.5 - 5.5VDC

A low level on reset input for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running.

So, we can say that this microcontroller has 8-pin for the port A and 4-pin to the port B. Alimentation of 5vDC, ground and pin to reset.

The pins of the ports A and B are of digital input and output, in the port A we have converters analog/digital and also they can be used as analog pins.

ATtiny45:

High performance, low power AVR® 8-bit microcontroller

2/4/8K Bytes of In-System Programmable Program Memory Flash

8-bit Timer/Counter with prescaler and two PWM channels

8-bit HIGH SPEED Timer/Counter with separate prescaler

-2 High Frequency PWM Outputs with Separate Output Compare Registers

- Programmable Dead Time Generator

10-bit ADC

-4 single ended channels / 2 differential ADC channel pairs with Programmable Gain (1x, 20x)

8-pin SOIC

Operating voltage: 2.7 - 5.5 VDC for ATtiny45

Speed grade: 0 – 10 MHz @ 2.7 - 5.5VDC, 0 - 20 MHz @ 4.5 - 5.5VDC

A low level on reset input for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running.

So, we can say that this microcontroller has 6 programmable I/O lines. Alimentation of 5vDC, ground and pin to reset.

The pins of the port B are bi-directional I/O with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit).

ATmega328P:

High performance, low power AVR® 8-bit microcontroller Family

131 Powerful instructions

32KBytes of In-System Self-Programmable flash program memory

1KBytes EEPROM

2KBytes Internal SRAM

Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with separate prescaler and compare mode

One 16-bit Timer/Counter with separate prescaler, compare mode and capture mode

Real time counter with separate oscillator

Six PWM channels

8-channel 10-bit ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package

6-channel 10-bit ADC in PDIP package

Two master/slave SPI serial interface

One Programmable Serial USART

One Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial interface (Philips I2C compatible)

23 programmable I/O lines

28-pin PDIP, 32-lead TQFP, 28-pad QFN/MLF and 32-pad QFN/MLF

Operating voltage: 1.8 - 5.5VDC

Speed grade: 0-4MHz at 1.8 - 5.5VDC, 0-10MHz at 2.7 - 5.5VDC, 0-20MHz at 4.5 - 5.5VDC

So, we can say that this microcontroller have 3 Ports, Digital supply voltage, supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, analog reference pin for the A/D Converter, ground and pin to reset.

Connecting boards:

Also I used my FabISP.

I also made my own code in Arduino:

Code:

//Author: Ingrid Midori Nuñez Yamaguchi

//Fabacademy 2017

//Assigment: Embedded Programming

const int button = 3; // Set button as pin3

const int led = 7; // Set let as pin3

int counter = 0; // create a variable to store a counter

int buttonstate = 0; // create a varible to store the state of the button

int laststate = 1; // create a variable to store the last state

void setup(){

pinMode(button, INPUT); // Set button as an input pin

pinMode(led, OUTPUT); // Set led as an input pin

}

void loop(){

buttonstate = digitalRead(button); //We read the state of button, it returns a '0' when is connected to GND (doesn't pressed) and '1' when is connected to Vcc (pressed)

if (buttonstate != laststate) //We compare the buttonstate and our laststate, button is not pressed, buttonstate = 0. So, buttonstate is not equal to laststate.

{

if (buttonstate == HIGH) //It pass, but buttonstate is not high.

{

counter++; //This means counter plus 1.

}

else //It pass to here, where there is nothing.

{

}

}

laststate = buttonstate; //Now, laststate is equal to '0'.

if (counter % 2 == 0){ //It means when counter is an even number, returns '0'. Continue with example, counter is '0'.

digitalWrite(led, LOW); //Here, led is low. Modulo of '0' is '0', so led is Low.

} else{

digitalWrite(led, HIGH); //Led changes to high.

}

}

//Now, when we pressed button.

//Buttonstate is '1'.

//Buttonstate is not equal to laststate.

//Now, buttonstate is equal to high, counter is '1'.

//Laststate is '1'.

//Modulo of 1 is not equal to '0'.

//So, led is high. We can see, led is turn on.

//In this way it continuous. Each time, button is pressed, led goind to turn on, then turn off, so on.

Download file

In the file you will find the description of each line of code

Each time the buttom is pressed the led changed its state

And achieve this challenge, as you can see in this video:

Result:

I achieved this challenge!!!!! I programmed my board of the assignment 6 (echo hello-World board) using the Arduino IDE and my FabISP.

I could write the code to burn my board.

I failed, but I could finally fix the mistakes and my board works as well.

Conclusion:

For those who are first-timers in programming I recommend that you do the procedures in order: first identify the equivalencies of the micro-controller with the software you are going to program with.

I should try with more options to program boards.

I enjoyed this challenge.

Self Evaluation:

I understood how important is to read the data sheet, it allows you to get better results from the design and facilitate the programming process.

Here: week10week14 you will find more about datasheets

I programmed my board, it works!.

Files (On Drive)

Here you can find all the files.

Schematic

Board